In this section, you’ll learn how to create backups of Rancher, how to restore Rancher from backup, and how to migrate Rancher to a new Kubernetes cluster.

As of Rancher v2.5, the rancher-backup operator is used to backup and restore Rancher. The rancher-backup Helm chart is here.

The backup-restore operator needs to be installed in the local cluster, and only backs up the Rancher app. The backup and restore operations are performed only in the local Kubernetes cluster.

The Rancher version must be v2.5.0 and up to use this approach of backing up and restoring Rancher.

Changes in Rancher v2.5

The new rancher-backup operator allows Rancher to be backed up and restored on any Kubernetes cluster. This application is a Helm chart, and it can be deployed through the Rancher Apps & Marketplace page, or by using the Helm CLI.

Previously, the way that cluster data was backed up depended on the type of Kubernetes cluster that was used.

In Rancher v2.4, it was only supported to install Rancher on two types of Kubernetes clusters: an RKE cluster, or a K3s cluster with an external database. If Rancher was installed on an RKE cluster, RKE would be used to take a snapshot of the etcd database and restore the cluster. If Rancher was installed on a K3s cluster with an external database, the database would need to be backed up and restored using the upstream documentation for the database.

In Rancher v2.5, it is now supported to install Rancher hosted Kubernetes clusters, such as Amazon EKS clusters, which do not expose etcd to a degree that would allow snapshots to be created by an external tool. etcd doesn’t need to be exposed for rancher-backup to work, because the operator gathers resources by making calls to kube-apiserver.

Backup and Restore for Rancher v2.5 installed with Docker

For Rancher installed with Docker, refer to the same steps used up till 2.5 for backups and restores.

Backup and Restore for Rancher installed on a Kubernetes Cluster Before v2.5

For Rancher before v2.5, the way that Rancher is backed up and restored differs based on the way that Rancher was installed. Our legacy backup and restore documentation is here:

  • For Rancher installed on an RKE Kubernetes cluster, refer to the legacy backup and restore documentation.
  • For Rancher installed on a K3s Kubernetes cluster, refer to the legacy backup and restore documentation.

How Backups and Restores Work

The rancher-backup operator introduces three custom resources: Backups, Restores, and ResourceSets. The following cluster-scoped custom resource definitions are added to the cluster:

  • backups.resources.cattle.io
  • resourcesets.resources.cattle.io
  • restores.resources.cattle.io

The ResourceSet defines which Kubernetes resources need to be backed up. The ResourceSet is not available to be configured in the Rancher UI because the values required to back up Rancher are predefined. This ResourceSet should not be modified.

When a Backup custom resource is created, the rancher-backup operator calls the kube-apiserver to get the resources in the ResourceSet (specifically, the predefined rancher-resource-set) that the Backup custom resource refers to.

The operator then creates the backup file in the .tar.gz format and stores it in the location configured in the Backup resource.

When a Restore custom resource is created, the operator accesses the backup .tar.gz file specified by the Restore, and restores the application from that file.

The Backup and Restore custom resources can be created in the Rancher UI, or by using kubectl apply.

Installing the rancher-backup Operator

The rancher-backup operator can be installed from the Rancher UI, or with the Helm CLI. In both cases, the rancher-backup Helm chart is installed on the Kubernetes cluster running the Rancher server. It is a cluster-admin only feature and available only for the local cluster. (If you do not see rancher-backup in the Rancher UI, you may have selected the wrong cluster.)

Installing rancher-backup with the Rancher UI

  1. In the Rancher UI’s Cluster Manager, choose the cluster named local
  2. On the upper-right click on the Cluster Explorer.
  3. Click Apps.
  4. Click the rancher-backup operator.
  5. Optional: Configure the default storage location. For help, refer to the configuration section.

Result: The rancher-backup operator is installed.

From the Cluster Explorer, you can see the rancher-backup operator listed under Deployments.

To configure the backup app in Rancher, click Cluster Explorer in the upper left corner and click Rancher Backups.

Installing rancher-backup with the Helm CLI

Install the backup app as a Helm chart:

helm repo add rancher-charts https://charts.rancher.io
helm repo update
helm install rancher-backup-crd rancher-charts/rancher-backup-crd -n cattle-resources-system --create-namespace
helm install rancher-backup rancher-charts/rancher-backup -n cattle-resources-system

RBAC

Only the rancher admins and the local cluster’s cluster-owner can:

  • Install the Chart
  • See the navigation links for Backup and Restore CRDs
  • Perform a backup or restore by creating a Backup CR and Restore CR respectively
  • List backups/restores performed so far

Backing up Rancher

A backup is performed by creating a Backup custom resource. For a tutorial, refer to this page.

Restoring Rancher

A restore is performed by creating a Restore custom resource. For a tutorial, refer to this page.

Migrating Rancher to a New Cluster

A migration is performed by following these steps.

Default Storage Location Configuration

Configure a storage location where all backups are saved by default. You will have the option to override this with each backup, but will be limited to using an S3-compatible or Minio object store.

For information on configuring these options, refer to this page.

Example values.yaml for the rancher-backup Helm Chart

The example values.yaml file can be used to configure the rancher-backup operator when the Helm CLI is used to install it.